UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW

The Little Venice

Impression: Art Institute of Chicago
Art Institute of Chicago
(1934.570)
Number: 238
Date: 1880
Medium: etching
Size: 185 x 264 mm
Signed: butterfly at lower left
Inscribed: no
Set/Publication: 'First Venice Set', 1880
No. of States: 2
Known impressions: 54
Catalogues: K.183; M.180; W.149
Impressions taken from this plate  (54)

KEYWORD

belltower, cathedral, church, gondola, lagoon, palace, panorama, riva, sailing ship, seascape.

TITLE

The only question is whether the title starts with 'The' or not, for example:


'The Little Venice' (1880, F.A.S.) 2
Possibly 'The Lido, Venice' (1882, New York Etching Club). 3
Little Venice' (1883, F.A.S.) 4
'The Little Venice' (1886, Frederick Wedmore (1844-1921)). 5


The original title, and that accepted by most later cataloguers, is definitely 'The Little Venice'.

2: List, Venice, a Series of Twelve Etchings, GUW #12667.

3: .

4: London FAS 1883 (cat. no. 20).

5: Wedmore 1886 A (cat. no. 149).

DESCRIPTION

A panoramic view of Venice, beyond the still lagoon, under a cloudy sky. There is a two-masted ship by the distant quayside, in the centre, and four gondolas on the lagoon, threading their way through the network of poles that indicate the waterways.

SITE

Comparative image
Venice from the Lido, 2006.
Photograph © M.F. MacDonald, Whistler Etchings Project.
It is a view of Venice from the Lido, taken from the Riviera Santa Maria Elisabetta near the church of that name. It is similar to the view in a pastel, Blue and silver - The lslands, Venice [m0822]. From left to right, the view includes the Public Gardens, Santi Giovanni e Paolo, San Giorgio dei Greci, San Zaccaria, the campanile and domes of San Marco, the tower of San Giorgio, then, just visible in the distance, the Redentore, the Zitelle, the domes of Santa Maria della Salute, and the Giudecca. This view drawn accurately on the copper plate, is reversed, as usual, in the print; thus, the Public Gardens appear at far right and the Giudecca at far left in the print. 6

According to T. R. Way: '[Whistler] had done it from one of the islands, to which there are excursions by steamboat, allowing an hour or two on shore before returning. ' 7 The Lido was in fact quite near Venice and served by regular ferries, so Whistler could spend a lot longer than 'an hour or two' on shore, and return at will.

6: Grieve 2000, pp. 179-80.

7: Way 1912, p. 45.

It is possible that it was exhibited in New York in 1882 as 'The Lido, Venice', but this has not been confirmed. 8

8: .

DISCUSSION

Wedmore compared Rembrandt Harmens van Rijn (1617-1681), George William Reid (1819-1887) and Whistler's 'artistic motives' by which he meant the choice of subject and composition:
'I recollect two other prints in which the artistic motive is much the same as in the present one; they are the View of Montrose, by Sir George Reid, in the 'Life of Paul Chalmers,' and the View of Amsterdam, by Rembrandt, - and Little Venice is the finest of the three.' 9
Although, none of his contemporaries ever recorded Whistler using any drawing aid, Grieve suggests that Whistler used an optical device to ensure accuracy:
'The accuracy of his draughtsmanship shows him ... to have been a topographical artist of genius. His remarkably keen eye, possibly aided by an optical device such as a camera obscura, and his skilled hand, enabled him to record exactly what was before him.' 10

10: Grieve 2000, p. 180.

However, many an artist and any topographical draughtsman (trained as Whistler was at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point) could equal this accuracy without resorting to optical aids. Grieve goes on to qualify his suggestion, saying:
'probably more important for [Whistler] was the rhythm he imposed on the scene ... the positioning of the horizontal line of buildings on the rectangular page, the placing of the gondolas, marker posts and his butterfly on the expanse of the lagoon, were matters of artistic judgement and Whistler's judgement was supreme.' 11

11: ibid..