UNIVERSITY of GLASGOW

The Little Pool

Impression: Freer Gallery of Art
Freer Gallery of Art
(1898.320)
Number: 79
Date: 1861
Medium: etching and drypoint
Size: 104 x 127 mm
Signed: 'Whistler.' at right centre
Inscribed: '1861 -' at lower left (1-8); 'The Works of James Whistler : Etchings and Dry Points, are on View at E. Thomas' Publisher. / 39. Old Bond Street.' across the bottom (1-8); erased (9)
Set/Publication: 'Thames Set', 1871
No. of States: 9
Known impressions: 76
Catalogues: K.74; M.73; T.48; W.72
Impressions taken from this plate  (76)

PUBLICATION

The Little Pool was published in A Series of Sixteen Etchings of Scenes on the Thames (the 'Thames Set), by Ellis & Green in 1871.

It was sold to the British Museum in 1872 as 'Title intended for the Thames Set; scene on the Thames'. 16

16: B.M. Print Room Register of Purchases ... 1872.

EXHIBITIONS

It was shown with the rest of the 'Thames Set' in London in 1861. 17 Impressions went to at least two international exhibitions, Philadelphia in 1879 and Leipzig in 1895. A 'Third trial proof' and 'Fourth trial proof; lettering erased' were lent by Samuel Putnam Avery (1822-1904) to the Union League Club in New York, in 1881 (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740506, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740827). 18 Another impression was shown in the exhibition organised by the Caxton Club in Chicago in 1900, lent by Howard Mansfield (1849-1938). 19

It was included in print dealer's exhibitions such as those of Craibe Angus in Glasgow in 1879, Obach & Co. in London (1903) and both F. Keppel & Co. (1902) and H. Wunderlich & Co. (1898, 1903) in New York. In these a wide range of different states was on show. In fact Keppel showed four states, Obach showed a 'Trial proof' and 'Finished State' and Wunderlich showed three states in 1898 and four in 1903. Charles Lang Freer (1856-1919) bought two of these exhibits in 1898 (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740503, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740603). 20

Impressions were also shown in the principal Memorial Exhibitions after Whistler's death, including six different states shown at the Grolier Club in 1904, some lent by Charles Lang Freer (1856-1919). 21 Others were exhibited in Paris and London in 1905, the latter lent by King Edward VII. 22

17: London Thomas 1861.

18: New York 1881 (cat. nos. 100, 101).

19: Chicago 1900 (cat. no. 67).

20: New York 1898 (cat. no. 69)

21: New York 1904a (cat. no. 75); possibly Graphic with a link to impression #K0740703, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740901, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740503, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740603.

22: Paris Mem. 1905 (cat. no. 323); London Mem. 1905 (cat. no. 72).

SALES & COLLECTORS

One way and another, the Thomas family had close connections with this etching at all stages. An interesting group of impressions of working proofs and unique states acquired by the British Museum included impressions annotated by Ralph Thomas, Jr (1840-1876). The second, third and fourth states were bought by the Museum from Percy Thomas (1846-1922) - whose father and brother appear in the etching - in 1872 (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740102, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740302,Graphic with a link to impression #K0740504). The Museum then continued to acquire different states: the eighth state in 1874 (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740701); and the second, third and fifth in 1885 (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740103, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740401, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740601).
The range of impressions acquired by collectors reflects the rarity of early states. A third state from the collection of Bernard Buchanan MacGeorge (1845?-1924) was acquired first by Howard Mansfield (1849-1938) and then Harris G. Whittemore (d. ca 1937) and is now in Colby College, Maine (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740305) while a fourth state from the same source went to John Henry Wrenn (1841-1911) (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740502), and thence to the Art Institute of Chicago. Other early and important collectors had to be satisfied with later states. Samuel Putnam Avery (1822-1904), for instance, owned both ninth and fourth states (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740506, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740827) and George Aloysius Lucas (1824-1909) owned a ninth (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740817) as did Constantine Alexander Ionides (1833-1900) (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740825). Despite the number of states, the etching was printed over quite a short period.
Another notable collector, Charles Lang Freer (1856-1919), appears to have collected a range of impressions at intervals - starting with a rather poor impression of the seventh state in 1890 (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740703), and another in a cancelled set bought from Frederick Keppel (1845-1912) in 1896 (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740901). However in 1898 Freer acquired from Wunderlich's much better impressions of other states - a fourth and sixth state - that had come originally from the artist's family, specifically from Francis Seymour Haden, Sr (1818-1910) (Graphic with a link to impression #K0740503, Graphic with a link to impression #K0740603).

The etching fetched fairly low prices at auction. A 'proof on Japanese paper, before the address was taken out' (which could have been any state from the first to eighth) was sold from the collection of Arthur Thomas (dates unknown), in 1873 and bought by Colnaghi's for £1.15.0, but two separate states, from the important collection of Joshua Hutchinson Hutchinson (ca 1829 - d.1891), fetched only £0.14.0 in 1892. 23

More usually, The Little Pool was sold in the complete 'Thames Set'. Prices for the set ranged from £11.0.0 to £19.0.0. 24 By the end of the century the price had escalated; a set was sold on 13-4 July 1897 (lot 315) at Christie's, the property of Mrs Edward Fisher, for £29.0.0 to Parsons, an art dealer.

23: Sotheby's, 23 June 1873 (lot 133) bought by Colnaghi; 3 March 1892, lot 124 bought by 'Blunt' and lot 125 by Wickham Flower (b. ca 1836).

24: i.e. Sotheby's, 31 May 1877 (lot 5391), £14.0.0, bought by 'Smith'; Christie's, 30 March 1878 (lot 495), £18.18.0, Fine Art Society; and ex Thomas Taylor (1817-1880)'s collection, Christie's, 8 March 1881 (lot 456), £11.11.0.